Iran's Hardliners Tell Reformists No Boycotting Elections

A comment by a leading Iranian reformist about the likelihood of boycotting the 2024 parliamentary elections has led to an intense war of words with hardliners.

Conservative heavyweight Mohammad Reza Bahonar triggered the political confrontation by threatening Iran's reformists that they would be treated as “outsiders” if they boycott the upcoming elections. This is a serious threat in the Islamic Republic’s political context.

Two days later, a prominent conservative figure, Bijan Moghaddam, who is close to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and the Revolutionary Guard, tried to smooth out Bahonar’s comment, under reformists pressure, saying that this was Bahonar’s own view and did not reflect the position of the ruling hardliners. 

Bahonar had used the vernacular term "khavarej" about reformists if they boycott the elections. The word meaning outsiders, also means in the Iranian religious context "those who opposed Imam Ali," the first Imam of the Shiite sect who was eventually assassinated by khavarej (the Kharijites). The word is almost synonymous with heretics.

Bahonar had made the statement after reformist theoretician Saeed Hajjarian mentioned boycotting as one of the six possible reactions by reformist if hardliners prevent or restrict their right to run in the elections.

Hundreds of reformist candidates were banned in the 2020 parliamentary vote by the conservative Guardian Council loyal to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. The result was a very low-turnout election in which hardliners won a commanding majority in the legislature.

While they show little sign of giving reformists a fair chance in March 2024, there is talk of simply boycotting the vote. At the same time that hardliners want to continue their monopoly of power, they are concerned about another low-turnout elections that would further tarnish the image of the regime.

In his interview with Khabar Onlineon Monday, Moghaddam maintained that reformists' maneuvers indicate they are likely to boycott the election. He said in a tone milder than Bahonar's: "Calling for participation in the elections is essential for Iran's security and national interests."

Moghaddam also said, "Both the Supreme Leader and the people expect reformists to take part in the elections." Again, this was a threat milder and more diplomatic than Bahonar's.

However, speaking of the voters, many people have commented on social media that Iranians have said over and over during recent protests that they no longer trust the reformists or the conservatives, and what they want is in fact a regime change. 

Earlier, Azar Mansoori, the leader of Iran's Reform Front, an umbrella organization consisting of several reformist parties and political groups, addressed Bahonar in a July 2 telling him that if he is concerned about low turnout, instead of threatening reformists he should tell his fellow conservatives to allow fair competition. 

In another tweet on the same date, prominent Iranian sociologist Mohammad Fazeli wrote: "Such a threat…reveals a significant characteristic of Iranian politics today."

Hajjarian, a former intelligence operative, had made it clear in his statement that "as the current government does not want reformists' political participation, reformists may consider taking part in the elections only if President Raisi resigns or is ousted."

Moghaddam told Khabar Online that "statements against the elections by some politicians may be assessed as a threat against national security." He added: "When you put forward preconditions that cannot be met, you are obviously paving the way for boycotting the elections." 

Former IRGC officer Ghorban Ali Salavatian wrote in a tweet on July 3, "Some of the conservatives cannot talk properly and in a timely manner. So, they shoot themselves in the foot like Mr. Bahonar who has threatened the reformists rather than trying to encourage them to take part in the elections. Referring to Bahonar's outdated rhetoric, another user wrote that "Individuals like Bahonar continue to live in the 1980s."

Another comment said "What you quoted was what Bahonar said directly. Indirectly, however, he was begging the Reformists to form a coalition with a group of conservatives including himself."